Whiskey (English: whiskey from Scottish Gaelic, or Irish whiskey from, fuisce) refers broadly to the category of fermented alcoholic beverages cereals are undergoing a process of mashing (mashed, mixed with water and heated), and the results through a process of distillation before ripened with I kept in small wooden barrels (usually oak).
Type whiskey produced depends types of cereals are used as raw materials, namely barley, malt , rye, wheat, and corn. Whisky comes from the language Gaulia for "water" (uisce or uisge). In Scotland called uisge-beatha, whereas in Ireland called uisce beatha meaning "water of life". Both are related to the Latin aqua vitae which also means "water of life". Scot wrote it as an Irish whiskey while writing it as whiskey (plus the letter "e").
Note that the oldest of the whiskey comes from 1405 in Ireland, which tells the monks made whiskey. The same was recorded in Scotland in 1496. Nevertheless, the whiskey is estimated to already have at least several hundred years earlier. At that time, whiskey is made in many places, and not recorded specifically. As a result, the year the first time whiskey made as well as place of origin is unknown. In addition, there is the possibility of different groups of people who have nothing to do with one another, separately discovered the distillation process.
Distillation kettle and keg Scotch
Most of whiskey or a similar alcoholic beverage whiskey produced in cereal producing areas. Each of these different types of whiskey in alcohol content and quality.
* Scotch (Scotch whiskey) is a whiskey that is usually experienced double distillation process, and three times distilled for most brands. International law requires that whiskey labeled "Scotch" (Skotch) is a whiskey distilled in Scotland and matured for at least three years in oak casks, or have equivalent quality whiskey produced in Scotland area. Whiskey matured only when in storage in the barrel, and not in the bottle, so the "age" Scotch is the time saved from after distillation to bottling. During stored in barrels, wood chemical composition change of chemical composition and taste of whiskey. Old whiskey that has been stored for years in the bottle may be appreciated for its rare, but not because of "mature" ("old"). Old whiskey in the bottle does not also mean "better" than the new whiskey with the equivalent period of maturation in the barrel. When a mixture of Scotch whiskey from the barrels of two or more different, then the old whiskey bottle that was written on the label is the age of the youngest whiskey used as a mixer. The term strength shows whiskey casks have not mixed with water, and bottled straight from the barrel of an alcoholic that is contained when the whiskey flowed from the barrel.
Scotch consists of two kinds, malt and grain
Barley malt sprout called
* Malt whiskey is whiskey made entirely from malt (barley that dikecambahkan), while distillation using a distillation column onion-shaped copper kettle (pot still).
* Grain whiskey is whiskey made from a mixture of barley and malt, and other Cereal. Distillation is done by several distillation towers are interconnected. Formerly, grain whiskey is used as a mixer, but now also marketed several single grain Scotch (Scotch from one factory).
Malt whiskey and grain whiskey mixed into different kinds of whiskey.
* Vatted malt whiskey malt is a blend of several factories. When the whiskey is labeled "pure malt" (pure malt) or just "malt", then it can be almost certain whiskey is whiskey mixture. Whiskies of this type are sometimes labeled "blended malt" (malt combination).
* Is a single malt whiskey malt whiskey from the same factory. When the bottle label did not include the term "single-casks" (single barrel), the whiskey is whiskey blend of several barrels with different ages. Expert mixing at the plant establish a distinctive sense of whiskey to the plant by mixing whiskey from a variety of barrel and age. Most single malt whiskey is named based on the location of refineries, for example: The Glenlivet, Glenmorangie, Bowmore and the following statement of age and special treatment.
* Whiskey mix (blended whiskey) is a whiskey made from a mixture of malt whiskey and grain whiskey. If only called Scotch, it is most likely a mixture of malt whiskey and grain whiskey. Expert mixer for whiskey brand whiskey aroma typical set for the brand by mixing whiskey from various manufacturers. Whiskey brands like Bell's Whisky Chivas Regal and usually does not list the location of refineries.
* Japanese whiskey is whiskey made by following the recipe Scottish whiskey, and the same classification with Scotch.
* Irish Whiskey (Irish whiskey) is the whiskey that through three times distillation process and must be matured in wooden barrels for at least three years. Malt is used almost always be dried in the drying room without fuel peat.
* Canadian Whisky (Canadian whiskey) was the whiskey that according to Canadian government regulations must be aged at least three years in wooden barrels. The majority of Canadian whiskey is whiskey mixture of different types of cereals.
* American Whiskey consists of two types: plain (straight) and mix (blend). Whisky can only be called smooth if matured in oak casks for at least two years, and meet the criteria for one type of whiskey according to federal regulations:
o Bourbon of raw materials at least 51% corn
o rye whiskey from rye raw materials (rye) at least 51%
o corn whiskey from corn raw material at least 80%, and the distillation process to produce liquor alcohol content of 80%. Corn whiskey must be matured in a way not saved. If you want to be matured in new oak barrels that are not burned surface or wooden barrels used. In addition to corn whiskey, all American whiskey must be matured in wooden barrels that surfaces in the barrel burned with fire. Maturation is usually done in a short time, such as six months. During maturation, changes color and aroma of whiskey while the "hardness" is reduced.
* Pure pot still whiskey (pure pot still whiskey) is a term for Irish whiskey is a combination of barley and malt dikecambahkan, and refining performed with onion-shaped copper kettle (pot still).
* Whiskey is a whiskey made Wales Penderyn factory in Wales.
* Whiskey India are alcoholic beverages that are labeled "whiskey" in India, but most are made from fermented molasses. Drink this kind outside of India commonly known as rum.Approximately 90% of the "whiskey" is consumed in India comes from molasses. However, India has begun to make whiskey from malt and other cereals.
List of Whiskey brands
American whiskey
American single malt whiskeys
- McCarthy's
- Stranahan's
- New Holland Artisan Spirits Zeppelin Bend
- Wasmunds
- Buffalo Trace White Dog
- Copper Run Distillery Walnut Shade
- Brown-Forman Corporation distilleries
o Woodford Reserve Distillery (Brown-Forman), Versailles
- Fortune Brands distilleries
o Maker's Mark Distillery (Fortune Brands), Loretto
- Four Roses Distillery (Kirin Brewery Company), Lawrenceburg
- Heaven Hill Bernheim Distillery, Louisville (company headquarters and visitors center are in Bardstown)
- Wild Turkey Distillery (Campari Group), Lawrenceburg
Bourbon broad-market distillers outside of Kentucky
- Lawrenceburg Distillers Indiana, formerly known as the Seagrams Distillery (CL Financial), Lawrenceburg, Indiana
- McCormick Distilling Company, Weston, Missouri
Bourbon microdistillers (all are outside of Kentucky)
- A. Smith Bowman Distillery (Sazerac), Fredericksburg, Virginia (microdistillery)
- Cedar Ridge Distillery, Swisher, Iowa (microdistillery est. 2010)
- Kings County Distillery, Brooklyn, New York (microdistillery)
- Tuthilltown Spirits Distillery, Gardiner, New York (microdistillery)[2]
- Woodstone Creek Distillery, Cincinnati, Ohio (microdistillery)
- Brown-Forman brands
+ Early Times 354[3] & Early Times (outside the USA) — Brown-Forman Distillery, Shively
(within the USA, most of the Early Times branded whiskey is not a bourbon, but the 354 variant is a bourbon)
+ Old Forester — Brown-Forman Distillery, Shively
o Woodford Reserve Distillery:
+ Woodford Reserve — Woodford Reserve Distillery (Brown-Forman Corporation), Versailles (small batch)
o Jim Beam Distillery:
+ Baker's — Jim Beam Distillery (a Fortune brand), Clermont (small batch)
+ Basil Hayden's — Jim Beam Distillery (a Fortune brand), Clermont (small batch)
+ Booker's — Jim Beam Distillery (a Fortune brand), Clermont (small batch)
+ Old Crow — Jim Beam Distillery (a Fortune brand), Clermont
+ Jim Beam — Jim Beam Distillery (a Fortune brand), Clermont
+ Knob Creek — Jim Beam Distillery (a Fortune brand), Clermont (small batch)
+ Old Grand-Dad — Jim Beam Distillery (a Fortune brand), Clermont
o Maker's Mark Distillery:
+ Maker's Mark — Maker's Mark Distillery (a Fortune brand), Loretto (small batch, wheated)
+ Maker's 46 — Maker's Mark Distillery (a Fortune brand), Loretto (small batch, wheated)
- Heaven Hill brands
o Daniel Stewart
o Echo Springs
o Elijah Craig
o Evan Williams
o Heaven Hill
o Henry McKenna
o I. W. Harper
o Fighting Cock
o J. T. S. Brown
o J. W. Dant
o Mattingly & Moore
o Old Fitzgerald
o Old Heaven Hill
o Parker's Heritage Collection
o T. W. Samuels
- Kentucky Bourbon Distillers(premium)
o Corner Creek
o Johnny Drum
o Kentucky Vintage
o Noah's Mill
o Old Bardstown
o Old Pogue
o Pure Kentucky XO
o Rowan's Creek
o Vintage Bourbon
o Willett Family Reserve
o Willett Pot Still Reserve
- Luxco brands:
o Ezra Brooks
o Old Ezra 101
o Rebel Reserve
o Rebel Yell
o Yellowstone
- McLain and Kyne / Castle brands:
o Sam Houston
- Sazerac brands (and brands produced exclusively by Sazerac):
+ 1792 Ridgemont Reserve
+ Colonel Lee
+ Kentucky Gentleman
+ Kentucky Tavern
+ Ten High in some bottlings
(in some bottlings
+ Tom Moore
+ Very Old Barton
o Buffalo Trace Distillery:
+ Ancient Age
+ Blanton's
+ Buffalo Trace
+ Eagle Rare
+ Elmer T. Lee
+ George T. Stagg
+ Hancock's President's Reserve
+ McAfee's Benchmark
+ Old Charter
+ Old Rip Van Winkle
+ Old Taylor
+ Pappy Van Winkle
+ Rock Hill Farms Single-Barrel
+ W.L. Weller
- Wild Turkey Distillery
o Wild Turkey
- Other brands:
o Four Roses
o Wathen's
Non-Kentucky bourbons
- Bowman's
- Iowa Bourbon Whiskey
- Kings County Brooklyn Bourbon
- Cougar
- Virginia Gentleman
- Woodstone Creek Straight Bourbon
- Jack Daniel's
- George Dickel
- Prichard's Tennessee Whiskey
- Heaven Hill Vintage
- Hirsch Vintage
- Hudson Manhattan Rye Whiskey
- Jim Beam Rye
- Michters
- Old Overholt
- Old Potrero
- Pikesville
- High West
- Red Hook
- Rendezvous Rye Whiskey
- Rittenhouse
- Roundstone Rye
- Sazerac
- Templeton Rye
- Thomas H. Handy
- Van Winkle Family Reserve Rye
- Wild Turkey Rye
- New Holland Artisan Spirits
- Bernheim Original
- Dry Fly wheat whiskey
- Brown-Forman brands
o Southern Comfort — Southern Comfort Distillery, Louisville, Kentucky
- Diageo brands
o Jeremiah Weed
- Fortune brands
o Calvert Extra
o Kessler's
o Old Grand-Dad
- Heaven Hill brands
o Gukenheimer
o Kentucky Deluxe
o Kentucky Beau
o T. W. Samuels
o Wilson
- Luxco brands:
o Davies County
o Wall Street
- Sazerac brands
o Barton Reserve
o Fleishmann's Preferred
o Imperial
o Kentucky Gentleman
o Old Thompson
- Sazerac brands
o Abraham Bowman Virginia Whiskey
Canadian whiskey brands
Canadian single malt
- Glenora Distillers
o Glen Breton Ice 10 Year
o Glen Breton Ice 15 Year
Canadian blended whisky
- Brown-Forman brands
- Diageo
o Crown Royal Limited Edition
o Crown Royal Special Reserve
o Crown Royal XR
o Crown Royal Cask 16
o Seagram's 83 Canadian Whisky
o Seagram's Five Star Rye Whisky
o Seagram's Seven Crown
o Seagram's VO
o Seagram's VO Gold
- Fortune brands
o Alberta Premium
o Alberta Premium 25 Years Old
o Canada House -
o Canadian Club Premium 6 year-old
o Canadian Club Black 20 year-old
o Canadian Club Reserve 10 years-old
o Canadian Club Sherry Cask
o Lord Calvert
o Tangle Ridge
o Windsor Canadian
- Highwood Distillery
o Highwood
o Saskatchewan
o 15 year plus Century Reserve
o Century Reserve 21 year old
- Kittling Ridge (independent)
o Pure Gold
- Maple Leaf Distillers
- Pernod Ricard SA brands
o Hiram Walker Special Old
o McGuinness Silk Tassel
o Wiser's Deluxe
o Wiser's Very Old
o Wiser's Special Blend
o Wiser's Small Batch
- Sazerac Company brands:
o Canadian Host
o Canadian LTD
o Canadian Supreme
o Canadian Hunter
o Caribou Crossing
o Forty Creek Barrel Select
o James Foxe
o Mr. Boston Five Star
o Northern Light
o Rich & Rare
o Royal Canadian
- Schenley Industries (Barton – historical)
o Gibson's Finest Aged 12 Years
o Gibson's Finest Rare Aged 18 Years
o Gibson's Finest Sterling Edition
o Schenley Golden Wedding
o Schenley OFC Aged 8 Years
- Williams & Churchill Ltd., Quebec/Alberta
o Danfield's Small Batch 21 Years Old
English Whisky
- The English Whisky Co
Finnish whiskey brands
- Panimoravintola Beer Hunter's
- Teerenpeli
German whiskey brands
- Bellerhof
- Blaue Maus Whisky-Destillerie
o Blaue Maus Vintage 1993
o Krottentaler Vintage 1994
o Schwarzer Pirat Vintage 1995
o Spinnaker 1997
- Gruel
o Gruel Single Grain Whisky 7 Year Old
o Gruel Single Grain Whisky 9 Year Old
- Höhler
o Whessky, Scottish Style Single Malt
o Whessky, Rye Style
o Whessky, Bourbon Style
o Whessky, Bourbon Style Cask Strength
- Home of The Glen Els - Hammerschmiede 1250
o The Glen Els, Unique Single Cask Editions
- Rabel
o Whisky von der Alb (Spelt Whisky)
- Reiner Mösslein
- Slyrs
- Sonnenschein
- Volker Theurer
Indian whisky brands
- Bagpiper
- Royal Stag
- Blender's Pride
- Imperial Blue
- Officer's Choice
- McDowell's Signature
Irish whiskey brands
- Brogan's Legacy Irish Single Malt
- A Drop of the Irish
- Bushmills Ten Year Old
- Bushmills Sixteen Year Old
- Cadenhead's Peated Single Malt
- Clonmel Single Malt
- Clontarf
- Connemara
- Erin Go Bragh
- Knappogue Castle
- Locke's Single Malt
- Merrys Single Malt
- Michael Collins Single Malt
- Preston Millennium Malt
- Shanahans
- Shannon Grain Single Malt
- Slaney Malt
- Suir Peated Malt
- The Irishman Single Malt
- Tullamore Dew Single Malt
- Tyrconnell
- Green Spot
- Daly's of Tullamore
- Dungourney 1964
- Dunville's VR
- Dunville's Three Crowns
- Jameson 15 Year Old Pot Still
- Magilligan
- Midleton 25 Year Old
- Midleton 30 Year Old
- Old Comber
- Redbreast
- Willie Napier 1945
- Avoca (whiskey)
- Baileys Irish Whiskey (not currently available)
- Ballygeary
- Brennans
- Bushmills White Bush
- Bushmills Black Bush
- Bushmills 1608
- Cassidy's
- Coleraine
- Clontarf
- Crested Ten
- Dunphys
- Erin's Isle
- Feckin Irish Whiskey
- Golden Irish
- Grace
- Hewitts
- Inishowen
- Jameson Irish Whiskey
- Jameson 1780 (replaced Jameson 12 Year Old)
- Jameson Distillery Reserve
- Jameson Gold
- John L. Sullivan Irish Whiskey
- Kilbeggan
- Locke's
- Michael Collins Blend
- Midleton Very Rare
- Millars
- Murphy's
- Old Kilkenny
- O'Briens
- O'Neills
- Old Dublin
- Paddy
- Powers Gold Label
- Red Breast Blend
- Strangford Gold
- The Irishman
- Tullamore Dew
- Wild Geese
- Writer's Tears
Single grain Irish whiskeys
- Greenore
Japanese whisky brands
- Nikka
- Suntory
- Yamazaki
Scotch whisky brands
Single malt scotch
- Aberfeldy
- Aberlour
- Allt-A-Bhainne
- Ardbeg
- Ardmore
- Arran
- Auchentoshan
- Auchroisk
- Aultmore
- Balblair
- Balmenach
- The Balvenie
- Bell's & Sons
- Banff
- Ben Nevis
- BenRiach
- Benrinnes
- Benromach
- Bladnoch
- Blair Athol
- Bowmore
- Brackla
- Braeval
- Brora
- Bruichladdich
- Bunnahabhain
- Caol Ila
- Caperdonich
- Cardhu
- Clynelish
- An Cnoc
- Coleburn
- Convalmore
- Cragganmore
- Craigellachie
- Dailuaine
- Dallas Dhu
- The Dalmore
- Dalwhinnie
- Deanston
- Drumguish
- Dufftown
- Edradour
- Fettercairn
- Glen Albyn
- Glenallachie
- Glenburgie
- Glencadam
- Glen Deveron
- Glendronach
- Glendullan
- Glen Elgin
- Glenesk
- Glenfarclas
- Glenfiddich
- Glen Flagler
- Glen Garioch
- Glenglassaugh
- Glengoyne
- Glen Grant
- Glen Keith
- Glenkinchie
- The Glenlivet
- Glenlochy
- Glenlossie
- Glen Mhor
- Glenmorangie
- Glen Moray
- Glen Ord
- Glenrothes
- Glen Scotia
- Glen Spey
- Glentauchers
- Glenturret
- Glen Turner (whisky)
- Glenugie
- Glenury Royal
- Highland Park
- Imperial
- Inchgower
- Inverleven
- Isle of Jura
- Kilchoman
- Kinclaith
- Knockdhu
- Knockando
- Ladyburn
- Lagavulin
- Laphroaig
- Ledaig
- Linkwood
- Littlemill
- Loch Lomond
- Longmorn
- The Macallan
- Mannochmore
- McClelland
- Millburn
- Miltonduff
- Mortlach
- North Port
- Oban
- Pittyvaich
- Port Askaig
- Port Ellen
- Port Charlotte
- Old Pulteney
- Royal Brackla
- Royal Lochnagar
- Rosebank
- St Magdalene
- Scapa
- The Singleton
- Speyburn
- Springbank
- Strathisla
- Strathmill
- Talisker
- Tamdhu
- Tamnavulin
- Teaninich
- Tobermory
- Tomatin
- Tomintoul
- Tormore
- Tullibardine
- William Grant & Sons
- North British Grain
- Cameron Brig
- Bailie Nicol Jarvie
- Ballantine's
- Bell's
- Black & White
- Black Bottle
- Buchanan's
- Chivas Regal
- Cutty Sark
- Dewar's
- Dimple
- Douglas XO
- The Famous Grouse
- Gran Old Parr
- Grand Macnish
- Grants
- Haig
- Hankey Bannister
- Hunter's Glen
- Johnnie Walker
- J&B
- Long John
- Sandy Mac Old Scotch Whisky
- Monkey Shoulder
- Morriston Gold
- Old Inverness
- Old Smuggler
- Pinch
- Passport Scotch
- Royal Salute whisky
- Queen Anne
- Something Special
- Stewart's Cream of the Barley
- Teacher's Highland Cream
- Tè Bheag
- Vat 69
- William Lawson's
- White Horse
- Whyte & Mackay
- lotay whisky
- Adelphi
- Cadenhead's
- Douglas Laing & Co
- Douglas of Drumlanrig
- Duncan Taylor
- Gordon & MacPhail
- Hart Brothers
- Ian Macleod Distillers
- James MacArthur
- Master of Malt
- Murray McDavid
- Old Malt Cask
- Queen of the Moorlands
- Robert Scott
- Scottish Malt Whisky Society
- Signatory
- Whiskybroker.co.uk
Thai whiskey
- Mekhong whiskey
- Hong Thong whiskey
- Sang Thip
- Black Cat whiskey
Welsh whisky brands
- Penderyn Distillery
Other whiskies and whiskeys
- Black Ram Whiskey - Bulgaria
- Manx spirit - Isle of Man
- Frysk Hynder - Netherlands
- Millstone - Netherlands
- DYC - Spain
- Mackmyra - Sweden
- Seropian - Syria
- Kavalan - Taiwan
- Ankara Viskisi - Turkey
Gin originated from Dutch liquors created Dr. Franciscus de le Boe (aka Dr. Sylvius) from the University of Leiden in 1650. Initially Dr. Sylvius was looking for reason to give the appropriate drug doses for patients with kidney disease. He mixes oil with juniper tree cone alcoholic beverage fermented cereals. The result is a low-cost diuretics which he called "gin" (jenever). The name of this drink comes from French, "genévrier" meaning juniper tree. Cone oil juniper is known to have efficacy of treatment, including appetite enhancer, has a sedative effect, and reduces headaches.
Once popular in the Netherlands, gin also become popular in mainland Europe. British soldiers who helped the Dutch in the Eighty Years' War is expected to go home to England with a gin. Nickname given to gin British soldiers are "Dutch Courage" (Dutch courage). In the UK, called gin gin (short for gin). Gin increasingly popular in England after William III reigned as king of England. He was wearing a heavy tax on wines from France, and encourage large-scale import of Dutch gin
Notable Brands of Gin
- Beefeater
- BOLS Damrak
- Blackwood's
- Bombay Sapphire
- Boodles
- Bruichladdich
- Damrak
- Desert Juniper Gin
- Gilbey's
- Ginebra San Miguel
- Gordon's
- Greenall's
- Hayman's Old Tom Gin
- Hendrick's Gin
- Nicholson's
- Magellan
- Plymouth
- Seagram's
- Sipsmith
- Steinhäger
- Taaka
- Tanqueray
- Uganda Waragi
The word vodka has been known since the 17th century the great likelihood is derived from Voda (Water). Mukashii kara (Japanese language "time ago")
This drink was first brought to Russia by Genoese merchants who had been traveling to Lithuania.But at that time in Russia precisely in Dimytr Ivanovich Prince of Moscow (the most famous people during that time) was not too impressed with distilled wine fermentation is carried by the merchant, because at that time in Moscow itself was popular with drinks Mead and Beer.
Time passed, in 1942 foreign traders brought aqua vitae (another name of vodka at the time) once again to moscow.However, due to strong terlau aqua vitae, at that time prince menipiska Vasilievitch have an idea for using the water content of the alcohol made from wheat that eventually became the name aqua vitae Vodka
List of Vodka
 Brand | Country | |
| Cooranbong | Australia | |
| Downunder | Australia | |
| DOT AU | Australia | |
| Monopolowa | Austria | |
| Xan | Azerbaijan | |
| Kryshtal Etalon | Belarus | |
| Minskaya Kristall | Belarus | |
| Orloff | Brazil | |
| Albert Pure | Canada | |
| Crystal Head | Canada | |
| Iceberg | Canada | |
| Polar Ice | Canada | |
| Schramm | Canada | |
| Danzka | Denmark | |
| Frïs | Denmark | |
| Kihnu Mark | Estonia | |
| Viru Valge | Estonia | |
| Finlandia | Finland | |
| Koskenkorva | Finland | |
| Cîroc | France | |
| Dragon Bleu | France | |
| Grey Goose | France | |
| Jean-Marc XO | France | |
| Perfect 1864 | France | |
| Poliakov | France | |
| Eristoff | Georgia | |
| Magic Spirits | Germany | |
| Rachmaninoff | Germany | |
| Zaranoff | Germany | |
| Reyka | Iceland | |
| 0.1 Organic Vodka Origine | Italy | |
| Artic | Italy | |
| Keglevich | Italy | |
| Snow Queen | Kazakhstan | |
| Han | Korea | |
| Latvijas Balzams | Latvia | |
| Ledo degtinė | Lithuania | |
| Stumbras | Lithuania | |
| Oso Negro | Mexico | |
| Villa Lobos | Mexico | |
| Bong Spirit Vodka | Netherlands | |
| Bols | Netherlands | |
| Hooghoudt | Netherlands | |
| Ketel One | Netherlands | |
| Pink | Netherlands | |
| Ursus | Netherlands | |
| Van Gogh | Netherlands | |
| 42 BELOW | New Zealand | |
| Vikingfjord | Norway | |
| Murree | Pakistan | |
| Belvedere | Poland | |
| Biała Dama | Poland | |
| Chopin | Poland | |
| Gdańska | Poland | |
| Łańcut | Poland | |
| Luksusowa | Poland | |
| Polonaise | Poland | |
| Siwucha | Poland | |
| Sobieski | Poland | |
| Starka | Poland | |
| Wyborowa | Poland | |
| Żołądkowa gorzka | Poland | |
| Żubrówka | Poland | |
| Dovgan | Russia | |
| Hrenovuha (Хреновуха) | Russia | |
| Gold Symphony (Золотая симфония) | Russia | |
| Kauffman | Russia | |
| Kubanskaya (Кубанская) | Russia | |
| Moskovskaya (Московская) | Russia | |
| Narodnaya (Народная) | Russia | |
| Pyatizvyozdnaya (Пятизвёздная) | Russia | |
| Putinka (Путинка) | Russia | |
| Rodnik (Родник) | Russia | |
| Russian Standard (Русский стандарт) | Russia | |
| Ruskova (Рускова) | Russia | |
| Shustov (Шустов) | Russia | |
| Starka (Старка) | Russia | |
| Stolichnaya (Столичная) | Russia | |
| Stolnaya (Стольная) | Russia | |
| SV The Silk | Russia | |
| Vodkas of Veresk company | Russia | |
| Youri Dolgoruki (Юрий Долгорукий) | Russia | |
| Double Cross | Slovakia | |
| V44 | Slovakia | |
| Absolut | Sweden | |
| Explorer | Sweden | |
| Karlsson's | Sweden | |
| Level | Sweden | |
| Renat | Sweden | |
| Spendrups | Sweden | |
| Svedka | Sweden | |
| Xellent Swiss | Switzerland | |
| Lokka | Turkey | |
| Khortytsa (Хортиця) | Ukraine | |
| Nemiroff (Неміроф) | Ukraine | |
| Soyuz-Viktan (Союз-Віктан, СВ, SV) | Ukraine | |
| Adnams | United Kingdom | |
| Blavod | United Kingdom | |
| Chase | United Kingdom | |
| Glen's | United Kingdom | |
| Isensua | United Kingdom | |
| Smirnoff | United Kingdom | |
| Three Olives | United Kingdom | |
| Vladivar | United Kingdom | |
| Bowman's | United States | |
| Cirrus | United States | |
| Dubra | United States | |
| Firefly | United States | |
| Hangar One | United States | |
| Lotus | United States | |
| Nikolai | United States | |
| Popov | United States | |
| Rain | United States | |
| SKYY | United States | |
| Square One Organic | United States | |
| Taaka | United States | |
| Tito's Handmade | United States | |
| UV | United States | |
| Vodka 14 | United States | |
| Vodka 7000 | United States | |
| Zodiac | United States |
An early form of rum was made of antiquity. Beverage fermented sugarcane juice is estimated to have made the Indians and ancient Chinese.How to manufacture the drink spread to other places, and into Brum beverage that was made of the Malays since thousands of years ago.Marco Polo noted in the 14th century that he was offered a drink "wine of sugar which is very good" in what is now called Iran
Rum distillation was first made by 17th-century sugar cane plantation workers in the Caribbean. The inventor is a plantation slave who know that the molasses can be fermented into alcohol.Distillation process carried out on the fermentation to get a high alcohol content beverages in the form of rum first. That said, rum originally came from the island of Barbados. In ancient times, rum from the Caribbean are still of low quality. One of the proof is written in a 1651 document from Barbados, "the main production they make on the island called Rumbullion, alias Kill-Divil, which is made from distilled sugarcane juice, liquor is spicy, hot, and unpleasant
Having developed the Caribbean, a popular rum liquor in colonial America. The first distillation of rum factory was built in 1664 on Staten Island, and followed by Boston, Massachusetts the next three years.Industry rum became the largest and profitable industry for New England.New England Rum production is quite popular, and was even considered one of the best in the world in the 18th century. Rhode Island Rum production even accepted as one of the means to pay in Europe as well as gold. American population (men, women, or children) in the colonial era before the American Revolutionary War each year is estimated to consume as
much as 13.5 rum liters of rum per person.
Demand for sugar in Europe, and molasses for rum production surged during the 17th century and the 18th century. As a result, sugar cane plantations in the Caribbean requires a lot of plantation workers. This need is satisfied by slaves obtained from the triangular trade between Africa, the Caribbean, and colonial countries. Triangle Trade disrupted by the Sugar Act 1764, and may be one cause of the American Revolution.
After the revolution, the popularity of rum in the United States continues. George Washington asked for a barrel of rum from Barbados for his inauguration ceremony in 1789.The popularity of rum eventually decreased after the introduction of import restrictions on rum from the Caribbean, and whiskey production increased massively in the U.S.
The origins of brandy are not so clear, but possibly related to the development of distillation techniques. Alcoholic beverages are drunk the Romans and Greeks possible manufacturing techniques derived from ancient Babylon. Brandy is now known, is expected to begin production since the 12th century, and became popular in the 14th century.
At first, people distill wine as one way of preserving and easily bring merchants. The possibility of the ancients also distill wine for its volume becomes less, and taxes to be paid a little more. People at first think later before drinking, the wine can be added more water. But apparently after being stored in wooden barrels, the resulting wine became better.In addition to reduced water content, various aroma compounds formed during the distillation process as well as fragmented
History of Tequila
In order to understand with precision the origin of the Tequila, it is necessary to acknowledge its prehispanic roots. During the prehispanic era, the Tiquila tribe from Amatitlan, learned its essential process. The process utilized by them consisted of boiling and fermenting the agave plant in order to obtain a ritualistic beverage only consumed by religious authorities.
The beverage and its origin were unknown to the European continent until the arrival of conquistador Hernan Cortez. When Cortez arrived to what he believed to be the Indies, he discovered an enchanted world of resources and wide commercial practices. In his first letter to King Carlos V, Cortez denotes special interest to the existence of the mezcal:
"..They sell honey emanated from corn that are as sweet as the sugar obtained from a plant they call maguey, from these plants they make wine and sugar which they also sell."
(Idem: 79).Luna Zamora P. 29)
With the influence of the religious world through the mission of spreading the word of God in the New Continent, the missionaries also discovered the presence of Indigenous products such as the maguey and the corn. Fray Francisco Ximenez, a Spanish monk, indicated the importance of the product diversity obtained from the maguey plant during the 16th century. In his observations he stated that the Mexcalmelt was one of the most utilized varieties of mezcal. However, the Tepemexcall was utilized more emphatically for religious practices. In the year 1651, Jeronimo Hernandez, a Spanish doctor indicates that the Tequila beverage was strictly utilized for medicinal purposes. Among the uses were rheumatic cures achieved by rubbing tequila on the affected body parts. (Encyclopedia de Mexico p. 66)
The prehispanic realm conceived the importance of the products and rituals derived from the maguey and mezcal. However the history that founded the origins of the Tequila as a product initiate in 1758. In 1758 Jose Cuervo, a Spanish entrepreneur was given full cultivating rights on the vast territorial extensions of Villoslada, Jalisco. One year later Jose Maria Guadalupe Cuervo, was given by the king of Spain the rights on the production of Tequila. During the 1850's Jose Maria Castaneda established La Antigua, a mezcal and wine distillery. La Antigua was then acquired by Cenobio Sauza on September first, 1873. During the same year Mr. Sauza exported eight barrels to the United States. In 1888 he changed the name to La Perseverancia.
La Perseverancia would eventually face changes in the development of the Industry. The political and socio-economic changes developing in Mexico affected the tequila industry in the 18th and 19th centuries. Tequila was became a taxed product The taxes were designated to the fund war against the remaining of emperor Maximilian. (Zamora p. 63)
Another significant change was the introduction of the Mexican rail system. The coming of the train as a means of transportation, enabled the tequila Industry to reach broader destinations.
The extra regional markets were conquered due to the solid development of Commercial systems. These commercial systems enabled the tequila market to participate internationally. From a national product, the tequila would become an international oriented market. The first exports were achieved by land into the United States by the second halve of the 19th century. The tequila industry achieved high commercial goals. Along with these achievements, technological improvements and optimum agricultural planning dictated the success of the Industry. The industrialism that marked the shift from a semi-rural industry to a more mechanized one would enable a more sophisticated and efficient production capacity.
The transition of technologies and production capacities were a clear sign of the 20th century. The same shift geared a more active consumption that required further changes and adaptations that would be evident by the Second World War. During the peace time, the demand for tequila would increase miraculously. The Second World War increased the market for the product. By 1950 the number of agave fields increased to 5697. An increase of 110 percent in relation to 1940. (Zamora)
The sixties are representative of a trend in the national and international levels of consumption. 1965 marks a new period in the history of tequila. The tequila industry passed from being a traditional oriented industry to a more developed market. The decade that marked the sixties represented a considerable increase of national and international tequila consumption. The capital city of the state of Jalisco, Guadalajara became then imperative and essential in the administrative endeavors that were required for the market reform.
The new shift in the maneuver of the Industry lead to new control classes in which a traditional industry became open to investors. The reform itself, reorganized the producers into diverse classifications:
"A). The societies in which international investment is involved. B). The societies in which smaller national and local investors participate. C). The societies formed by local families which best describe the traditional market."
(Rogelio Luna Zamora, La Historia del Tequila, de sus regiones y de sus hombres. P. 235)
With the existence of an international oriented market, the producers of tequila competed and reorganized their commercial strategies in order to capture the international client. The tequila industry invested considerable amounts of capital towards international advertisement. It is by the understanding of Tequila's past that we can now rejoice with one of the most popular drinks of our time and try a shot accompanied by all the historical richness that characterize it.(tequilaplanet.com)
